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Many other Scientologist-run services and companies belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses the use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


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Another well-known WISE-affiliated company is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Technology and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


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This area needs growth. You can help by adding to it. In order to facilitate the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or reputable individuals. Perth Scientology. Though it has actually obtained some trustworthiness as a religion in many nations, Scientology has also been referred to as both a cult and a commercial enterprise.


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For example, it has been kept in mind to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Fair Video game people it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government files in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise convicted of scams, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus lawyer Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be perceived as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was included in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were business visit this web-site and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its growth continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had actually at first demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit company.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, removal of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the inbound Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web survey run by the presidential transition team getting public input for the inbound administration.


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State Department has actually criticized Western European countries for discrimination versus Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based on the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is dealt with lawfully as an industrial business, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the United States. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up hallmark. Religious Technology Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who try to use it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control her latest blog of certain aspects of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head office positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later organized and devoted one of the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by an organization not affiliated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In Home Page the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal activity dedicated by these offenders is of a breadth and scope formerly unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No individual or organization was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has also in the past made usage of aggressive methods in addressing those it sees as trying to reduce them, called Suppressive Persons (SPs) first outlined by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Church of Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper understood to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb risks in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to jail for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.

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